SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LTD Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. (form 10-Q)

The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition should be read together with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, which are included elsewhere in this report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedMarch 31, 2021 (the "Annual Report") filed with theSEC . Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). Overview We are a provider of automobile transaction and related services, connecting auto dealers, financial institutions, and consumers, who are mostly existing and prospective ride-hailing drivers affiliated with different operators of online ride-hailing platforms inthe People's Republic of China ("PRC" or "China"). We provide automobile transaction and related services through our wholly owned subsidiaries,Yicheng Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. , a PRC limited liability company ("Yicheng"),Chengdu Corenel Technology Limited , a PRC limited liability company ("Corenel"), and our majority owned subsidiary,Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. ("Hunan Ruixi"), a PRC limited liability company, and its variable interest entity ("VIE"),Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd. ("Jinkailong"). SinceOctober 2020 , we also operate an online ride-hailing platform throughHunan Xixingtianxia Technology Co., Ltd. ("XXTX"), a majority owned subsidiary ofSichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd. , our wholly-owned subsidiary ("Senmiao Consulting "). Our platform enables qualified ride-hailing drivers to provide application based transportation services mainly inChengdu ,Changsha andGuangzhou, China . Substantially all of our operations are conducted inChina .
Our Automobile Transactions and Related Services
Our automobile transaction and related services are mainly comprised of (i) automobile operating lease where we provide car rental services to individual customers to meet their personal needs with lease term no more than twelve months; (ii) automobile financing where we provide our customers with auto finance solutions through financing leases; (iii) automobile sales where we procure new cars from dealerships and sell them to our customers in the automobile financing facilitation business; and (iv) facilitation of automobile transaction and financing where we connect the prospective ride-hailing drivers to financial institutions to buy, or get financing on the purchase of, cars to be used to provide online ride-hailing services. We started our facilitation services inNovember 2018 , the sale of automobiles inJanuary 2019 , and financial and operating leasing inMarch 2019 , respectively. SinceNovember 22, 2018 , the acquisition date of Hunan Ruixi, and as ofSeptember 30, 2021 , we have facilitated financing for an aggregate of 1,687 automobiles with a total value of approximately$25.9 million , sold an aggregate of 1,422 automobiles with a total value of approximately$13.8 million and delivered approximately 2,417 automobiles under operating leases and 131 automobiles under financing leases to customers, the vast majority of whom are online ride-hailing drivers. The table below provides a breakdown of the number of vehicles sold or delivered under different leasing arrangements or managed/guaranteed by us and corresponding revenue generated for the three and six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 and 2020: Three Months Ended September 30 Six Months Ended September 30 2021 2020 2021 2020 Number of Revenue Number of Revenue Number of Revenue Number of Revenue Vehicles (Approximate) Vehicles (Approximate) Vehicles (Approximate) Vehicles (Approximate) Operating Leases 2,036$ 2,008,000 442$ 788,000 2,085$ 3,493,000 512$ 1,196,000 Financing Leases 131$ 30,000 122$ 62,000 131$ 76,000 122$ 104,000 Sales - 12$ 84,000 - 35$ 424,000 Facilitation - 12$ 75,000 - 54$ 162,000 Other Services >1,500$ 260,000 >2,500$ 381,000 >1,800$ 537,000 >2,500$ 651,000 Our operating leases, automobile management services and auto financial leasing accounted for approximately 85.1%, 2.5% and 1.9% of our total revenue from our automobile transactions and related services, respectively, for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , while our operating leases, auto sales, automobile management services, auto financing and transaction facilitation, and auto 46
Table of Contents
financial leasing accounted for approximately 47.2%, 16.7%, 10.8%, 6.4% and 4.1%
for the six months ended
Our Ride-Hailing Platform Services
As part of our goal to provide an all-encompassing solution for online ride-hailing drivers as well as to increase our competitive strengths in an increasingly competitive online ride-hailing industry and to take advantage of the market potential, inOctober 2020 , we began operating our own online ride-hailing platform inChengdu . The platform (called Xixingtianxia) was owned and operated by XXTX, of whichSenmiao Consulting acquired a 78.74% equity interest pursuant to a supplementary agreement to XXTX Investment Agreement with all the original shareholders of XXTX onFebruary 5, 2021 (the "XXTX Increase Investment Agreement"). Pursuant to the XXTX Increase Investment Agreement,Senmiao Consulting agreed to make an investment ofRMB40 million (approximately$6 million ) in XXTX in cash in exchange for a 78.74% equity interest in XXTX. The registration procedures for the change in shareholders and registered capital of XXTX were completed onMarch 19, 2021 . OnOctober 22, 2021 ,Senmiao Consulting further entered into a Share Swap Agreement (the "Share Swap Agreement"), pursuant to which theSenmiao Consulting shall acquire all of the remaining equity interests the original shareholders hold in XXTX at a total purchase price of$3.5 million , payable in the Company's shares of common stock, par value$0.0001 per share (the "Common Stock") at a per share price of the average closing price of a share of Common Stock reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market for ten (10) trading days immediately preceding the date of the Share Swap Agreement. OnNovember 9, 2021 , the issuance of 5,331,667 shares of the Company's common stock for this tranaction has been completed and the record-filing of the local PRC government is expected to be completed withinDecember 2021 . Upon the completion of the transaction,Senmiao Consulting shall hold 100% equity interest in XXTX. As the date of this Report,Senmiao Consulting has made capital contribution ofRMB26.81 million (approximately$4.16 million ) to XXTX and the remaining amount is expected to be paid beforeDecember 31, 2025 . XXTX operates Xixingtianxia and holds a national online reservation taxi operating license. The platform is presently servicing online ride-hailing drivers in 11 cities inChina , includingChengdu ,Changsha ,Guangzhou and so on, providing them with a platform to view and take customer orders for rides. We currently collaborate with Gaode Map a well-known aggregation platform inChina on our ride-hailing platform services. We also entered into a cooperation agreement with a top online ride-hailing platform inJune 2021 . Under our collaboration, when a rider using the platform searches for taxi/ride-hailing services on the aggregation platform, the platform provides such rider a number of online ride-hailing platforms for selection, including ours and if our platform is selected by the rider, the order will then be distributed to registered drivers on our platform for viewing and acceptance. The rider may also simultaneously select multiple online ride-hailing platforms in which case, the aggregation platform will distribute the requests to different online ride-hailing platforms which they cooperate with, based on the number of available drivers using the platform in a certain area and these drivers' historical performance, among other things. We generate revenue from providing services to online ride-hailing drivers to assist them in providing transportation services to the riders looking for taxi/ride-hailing services. We earn commissions for each completed order as the difference between an upfront quoted fare and the amount earned by a driver based on actual time and distance for the ride charged to the rider. We settle our commissions with the aggregation platforms on a weekly basis. Meanwhile, in order to strengthen our market position in certain cities, our collaboration model with Meituan has been changed from the one the same as Gaode, to the one focusing on automobile operating lease and drivers' management services sinceAugust 2021 . Since earlyAugust 2021 , we signed a new contract with an affiliate of Meituan, whereby the online ride-hailing requests and orders shall be completed on Meituan's platform utilizing our network of cars and drivers. We earn rental income from drivers and will earn commissions from Meituan in the future. The acquisition of XXTX has brought us a new stream of revenue and enhanced our goal of providing an all-encompassing solution for online ride-hailing drivers. We launched Xixingtianxia in specific markets withinChengdu in lateOctober 2020 , focusing on current driver customers. During the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we have expanded marketing of our ride-hailing platform to a larger pool of potential drivers and riders inChengdu ,Changsha ,Guangzhou and another six cities through cooperation with certain local car rental companies and through offering attractive incentives and awards to drivers. 47
Table of Contents
During the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , approximately 12.4 million rides with gross fare of approximately$38.0 million were completed through Xixingtianxia and an average of over 19,900 ride-hailing drivers completed rides and earned income through Xixingtianxia (the "Active Drivers") each month. We plan to expand our driver base for the platform and automobile rental business while strengthening the royalty of the drivers who both lease our cars and use our platform while expanding. During the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we earned online ride-hailing platform service fees of$600,298 , netting off approximately$3.1 million incentives paid to Active Drivers. We intend to focus on drivers who currently finance or lease vehicles through us but our platform is available to others. We plan to launch Xixingtianxia in more cities acrossChina the next five years.
Key Factors and Risks Affecting Results of Operations
Ability to Increase Our Automobile Lessee and Active Driver Base
Our revenue growth has been largely driven by the expansion of our automobile lessee base and the corresponding revenue generated from operating and financial leasing. After the acquisition of XXTX, our revenue growth also depends on the number of completed online ride-hailing orders on our platform, which largely depends on the number of Active Drivers who complete ride-hailing transactions on our platform. We acquire customers for our Automobile Transaction and Related Services, as well as for our Online Ride-hailing Platform Services, through the network of third-party sales teams, referral from online ride-hailing platforms and our own efforts including online advertising and billboard advertising. We also send out fliers and participate in trade shows to advertise our services. We plan to increase the number of our Active Drivers by expanding our platform to more cities during the next five years as well as marketing our platform to our existing and prospective automobile lessees. We expect the expansion of our Active Driver base to promote the growth of our automobile rental business because we offer automobile rental solutions/incentives specifically targeted at drivers using our platform. An effective cross-selling strategies between our automobile finance and leasing business and the newer online ride-hailing platform business is important to our expansion and revenue growth. We also plan to strengthen our marketing efforts through the collaboration with certain automobile dealers and through our own team by employing more experienced staffs and improving the quality and variety of our services. We also plan to continue to set up new service centers in the cities ofChengdu andChangsha during the next three years. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , we had 79 employees in our own sales department.
Management of Automobile Rentals
Due to the fierce competition of online ride-hailing industry inChengdu and the adverse impact from COVID-19 pandemic across mainlandChina , a significant number of online ride-hailing drivers exited the ride-hailing business and rendered their automobiles to us for sublease or sales in order to generate income/proceeds to cover their payments owed to the financial institutions and us. We have seen an increasing demand for short-term car rentals since the end of 2019, which remained stable during the three and six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . To meet the demand of business expansion, we also lease automobiles from third parties. The daily management and timely maintenance of leased automobiles will have a significant effect on the growth of our income from leasing automobiles in the next twelve months. The effective management of our automobiles through our proprietary system and experienced auto-management team could provide qualified automobiles to potential lessees, either for personal use or providing online ride-hailing services. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , we had one parking lot and 18 employees inChengdu , one parking lot and five employees inGuangzhou , and one parking lot and five employees inChangsha for parking and management of automobiles for operating lease. During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 and 2020, our average utilization of the automobiles for operating lease was approximately 71% and 48%, respectively. During the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 and 2020, our average utilization of the automobiles for operating lease was approximately 70% and 54%, respectively.
Our Service Offerings and Pricing
The growth of our revenue depends on our ability to improve existing solutions and services provided, continue identifying evolving business needs, refine our collaborations with business partners and provide value-added services to our customers. The attraction of new automobile leases depends on our leasing solutions with attractive rental price and flexible leasing terms. We have also adopted a stable pricing formula, considering the historical and future expenditure, remaining available leasing months and market price to determine our rental price for varied rental solutions. Furthermore, our product designs affect the type of automobile leases we attract, which in turn affects our financial performance. The attraction of new Active Drivers depends on the comprehensive income they could earn from our platform, which is mainly affected by the number orders distributed to them through our platform and the amount of our 48 Table of Contents incentives paid to them. Our revenue growth also depends on our abilities to effectively price our services, which enables us to attract more customers and improve our profit margin.
Ability to Retain Existing Financial Institutions and Engage New Financial
Institutions
Historically, the growth of our business is dependent on our ability to retain existing financial institutions and engage new financial institutions. During the three and six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we did not generate revenue from automobile financing facilitation transactions because of the shift of our business focus to automobile rental. Despite such decrease, we are exploring new collaboration methods with financial institutions in connection with our automobile rental business and for our purchase of new energy vehicles ("NEVs") in the next twelve months. Our collaborations with financial institutions may be affected by factors beyond our control, such as perception of automobile financing as an attractive asset, stability of financial institutions, general economic conditions and regulatory environment. To increase the number of our cooperative financial institutions and the availability of financing for our existing and new businesses will enhance the overall stability and sufficiency of funding for automobile transactions.
Ability to Collect Payments on a Timely Basis
We used to advance the purchase price of automobiles and all service expenses when we provide related services to the purchasers. We collect the receivables due from automobile purchasers from their monthly installment payments and repay financial institutions on behalf of the purchasers every month. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , we had accounts receivable, net of allowance of approximately$0.7 million and advanced payments of approximately$0.5 million due from the automobile purchasers, net of allowance, which will be collected through installment payments on a monthly basis during the relevant affiliation periods. During the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we settle our commissions with the aggregation platforms on a weekly basis for our online ride-hailing platform services and automobile rental income on a monthly basis. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , we had accounts receivable of operating lease and online ride-hailing service fees of approximately$0.1 million in total. The efficiency of collection of the monthly and weekly payments has a material impact on our daily operation. Our risk and asset management department has set up a series of procedures to monitor the collection from Drivers. Our business department has also set up a stable and close relationship with cooperated platform to ensure the timely collection of commissions. The accounts receivable and advance payments may increase our liquidity risk. We have used the majority of the proceeds from our equity offerings and plan to seek equity and/or debt financings to pay for the expenditure related to the automobile purchase. To pay for the expenditure in advance will enhance the stability of our daily operation and lower the liquidity risk, and attract more customers.
Ability to Manage Defaults and Potential Guarantee Liability Effectively
We are exposed to credit risk as we are required by certain financial
institutions to provide guarantee on the lease/loan payments (including
principal and interests) of the automobile purchasers referred by us. If a
default occurs, we are required to make the monthly payments on behalf of the
defaulted purchasers to the financial institution.
We manage the credit risk arising from the default of automobile purchasers by performing credit checks on each automobile purchaser based on the credit reports fromPeople's Bank of China and third party credit rating companies, and personal information including residence, ethnicity group, driving history and involvement in legal proceeding. Our risk department continuously monitors the payment by each purchaser and sends them payment reminders. We also keep close communication with our purchasers in particular the online ride-hailing drivers so that we can evaluate their financial conditions and provide them with assistance including the transfer of automobile to a new driver if they are no longer interested in providing ride-hailing services or are unable to earn enough income to make monthly lease/loan payments. In addition, automobiles are used as collateral to secure purchasers' payment obligations under the financing arrangement. In the event of a default, we can track the automobile through an installed GPS system and repossess and handover the automobile over to the financial institution so that we can be released from our guarantee liability. However, if a financial institution initiates a legal proceeding to collect payments due from a defaulted automobile purchaser, we may be required to repay the defaulted amount as a guarantor. If we are unable to undertake the responsibility as a guarantor, our assets, such as cash and cash equivalents, may be frozen by the court if the financial institution successfully requests for an order to freeze our assets or bank accounts, which may adversely affect our operations. 49
Table of Contents
As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , approximately$5,428,000 , including interests of approximately$326,000 , due to financial institutions, of all the automobile purchases we serviced were past due. 1,305 online ride-hailing drivers we serviced rendered their automobiles to us for sublease or sale and 79 automobile purchasers that remained in the online ride-hailing business were late in their monthly installment payments as ofSeptember 30, 2021 . In general, most of the defaulted automobile purchasers who want to remain in online ride-hailing business would pay the default amounts within one to three months. Our risk management department typically starts to interact with overdue purchasers if they have missed one monthly installment payment. However, if the balances are overdue for more than two months or the purchasers decide to exit the online ride-hailing business and sublease or sell their automobiles, we would fully record an allowance against receivables from those purchasers. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , we recognized an accumulated allowance against receivables of approximately$3,691,000 from these purchasers. For the three and six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we also recognized approximately$14,000 and$20,000 expenses, respectively, for the guarantee services as the drivers exited the online ride-hailing business and would no longer make the monthly repayments to us. By subleasing automobiles from these drivers, we believe we can cope with the defaults and control associated risks. Further, the automobiles subject to our financing leases are not collateralized by us. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , the total value of non-collateralized automobiles was approximately$1,133,000 . We believe our risk exposure of financing leasing is immaterial as we have experienced limited default cases and we are able to re-lease those automobiles to drivers under financing leases.
Actual and Potential Impact of Ongoing Coronavirus (COVID-19) in
Business
Beginning in late 2019, an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus and related respiratory illness (which we refer to as COVID-19) was first identified inChina and has since spread rapidly globally. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in quarantines, travel restrictions, and the temporary closure of stores and business facilities inChina and globally. InMarch 2020 , the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Given the rapidly expanding nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, and because all of our business operations and our workforce are concentrated inChina (where the virus first originated), our business, results of operations and financial condition have been adversely affected. Due to the lockdown policy and travel restrictions, the demand for ride-hailing services has been materially and adversely impacted in our areas of operation inChina , which reduced the demand of our Automobile Transaction and Related Services. As a result, our revenue and income for the three months endedMarch 31, 2020 and the subsequent three months endedJune 30, 2020 was negatively impacted to a significant extent. As the online ride-hailing markets inChengdu andChangsha gradually recovered from the impact of COVID-19 sinceApril 2020 , we have witnessed the increasing trend on our revenue for the last three quarters in the year endedMarch 31, 2021 . The revenue generated during the three and six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 increased over 100% and 85.5%, respectively, as compared with the three and six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 .
Impact on Our Automobile Transactions and Related Services
Our ability to collect the monthly installment payments from ride-hailing drivers during February andMarch 2020 was adversely impacted. Approximately 1,500 drivers delayed their monthly installments of February andMarch 2020 , which resulted in a decrease in our monthly installment collection by$732,000 during February andMarch 2020 . SinceApril 2020 , the COVID-19 epidemic inChina has been effectively controlled and the online ride-hailing markets inChengdu andChangsha have been recovering. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , 1,305 drivers exited the online ride-hailing business and rendered their automobiles to us for sublease or sale while 79 drivers postponed their monthly installment payments. As a result, we recorded accumulated bad debt expenses of approximately$3,691,000 . The average monthly installments during the three and six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 increased approximately 3% and 6%, respectively, as compared with the same period in 2020. We will continue to closely monitor our collections. Our daily cash flow has also been adversely impacted as a result of the unsatisfied collection from the online ride-hailing drivers and our potential guarantee expenditure pursuant to the financing agreements we guaranteed. Our cash flow will continue to be adversely impacted if local resurgence of COVID-19 cases incurs inChengdu ,Changsha andGuangzhou , which would have negative impact on the online ride-hailing market accordingly due to travel restriction. In addition, our automobile purchasers and lessees may be unable to generate sufficient income to make their monthly installment payments, which may create a significant risk of continuing default from our automobile purchasers or lessees. As a result, we may have to repay the defaulted amount as a guarantor or lose the monthly rental revenue. If we experience a widespread default by our automobile purchasers/lessees, our cash flow and results of operations will
be 50 Table of Contents materially and adversely affected. As a consequence, we could face shortfalls in liquidity without extra financing resources for the foreseeable future and lose the ability to grow our business or may even be required to scale down or restructure our operations. In an effort to assist with our automobile purchasers, we negotiated with the financial institutions we cooperate with to extend the due dates for monthly payments that may be affected by the epidemic. Certain financial institutions agreed to grant a grace period of up to four months from February toMay 2020 for qualified drivers.
Impact on Our Ride-Hailing Platform Services
We commenced the operation of our online ride-hailing platform since lateOctober 2020 and have witnessed the decrease in online ride-hailing orders inmid-December 2020 and lateJuly 2021 , whenChengdu reported 14 and 6 confirmed COVID-19 cases, respectively, and fewer people took ride-hailing trips as a result. The average daily rides completed through our platform decreased by approximately 10% to 15% compared to that before the reporting of the new COVID-19 cases inChengdu and recovered a week later as the new confirmed cases inChengdu were fully under control. Consequently, the income of our Automobile Transaction and Related Services customers who ran their business through theDidi platform also decreased during this period. Similarly, in earlyJanuary 2021 ,Beijing reported three confirmed COVID-19 cases and one asymptomatic case involving drivers forDidi , a major transportation network company, which also resulted in the decrease in orders in theDidi platform inBeijing . Sincemid-May 2021 toJune 2021 ,Guangzhou has reported a series of confirmed and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases, the local government has ensured concrete and effective measures to fight against the resurgence, including suspending some traffic activities in certain medium-risk and high-risk areas inGuangzhou . The average daily rides completed through our platform decreased by approximately 40% compared to that before the reporting of the new COVID-19 cases inGuangzhou . Recent local resurgences of COVID-19 cases in some areas did not have material negative impacts on the economy ofChina , so we expect that the impact brought by potential COVID-19 cases in the future may be limited asChina has established plans to rapidly contain the spread of COVID-19 cases and minimize related economic losses. We temporally closed our corporate headquarter to adhere to the lockdown policy inChengdu fromJuly 28 to August 11, 2021 , as required by relevantChengdu regulatory authorities as a countermeasure for the local resurgences of COVID-19 in lateJuly 2021 . Our employees were working in other offices and the closure of our headquarter did not have significant impact on our business operations during such period. We reopened our headquarter inChengdu onAugust 12, 2021 . However, if the epidemic inChina deteriorates during the year endingMarch 31, 2022 , large number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases in the regions where we operate our online ride-hailing platform may have significant negative impact on the demand for rides through online ride-hailing platforms, including our platform and our revenue from the Online Ride-hailing Platform Services may decrease. We anticipate having a larger cash outflow in our daily operations in the next twelve months as we expand our Online Ride-hailing Platform Services in more cities inChina and incur more marketing and promotion expenses. Our cash flow situation may worsen if the COVID-19 pandemic reoccurs inChina . Any of these factors related to COVID-19 and other similar or currently unforeseen factors beyond our control could have an adverse effect on our overall business environment, cause uncertainties in the regions inChina where we conduct business, cause our business to suffer in ways that we cannot predict and materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Ability to Manage and Grow New Ride-Hailing Business
Due to the fierce competition of online ride-hailing industry inChengdu andChangsha , our ability to increase our revenue over time may be limited if we focus only on our current Automobile Transaction and Related Services business model. As part of our strategy to provide an all-encompassing solution for online ride-hailing drivers, we have expanded our services to drivers through the operation of Xixingtianxia, our own online ride-hailing platform, which has brought us a new stream of revenue. We generate revenue from commissions earned from each completed order, which represent the difference between an upfront quoted fare and the amount earned by a driver based on actual time and distance for the ride charged to the rider. As the aggregation platforms distribute the demand orders to different online ride-hailing platforms, the flow of drivers in our area of operations is enhanced, leading to a higher probability that more ride orders will be distributed to our platform, which in turn will increase the revenue of the drivers who use our platform (and our revenue). This also allows us to attract more drivers to engage their online ride-hailing business on
our platform. Through a series 51 Table of Contents of promotion and effective daily management and training services, we expect our own online ride-hailing platform will offer us a stable revenue source which can also help grow our automobile financing and leasing business. Pursuant to the cooperation agreement signed withDidi Chuxing Technology Co., Ltd. ("Didi") for our Automobile Transaction and Related Services, we may be penalized byDidi , or our partnership withDidi may be terminated as we now operate a business competitive withDidi . However, the service fees we earned fromDidi for automobile transaction and related services currently represent less than 0.1% of our total revenue. Therefore, we believe the termination of cooperation withDidi on automobile transaction and related services will not have a material influence on our business or results of operations.
Ability to Compete Effectively
Our business and results of operations depend on our ability to compete effectively. Overall, our competitive position may be affected by, among other things, our service quality and our ability to price our solutions and services competitively. We will set up and continuously optimize our own business system to improve our service quality and user experience. Our competitors may have more resources than we do, including financial, technological, marketing and others and may be able to devote greater resources to the development and promotion of their services. We will need to continue to introduce new or enhance existing solutions and services to continue to attract automobile dealers, financial institutions, car buyers, leasees, ride-hailing drivers and other industry participants. Whether and how quickly we can do so will have a significant impact on the growth of our business.
Market Opportunity and Government Regulations in
The demand for our services depends on overall market conditions of the online ride-hailing industry inChina . The continuous growth of the urban population places increasing pressure on the urban transportation and the improvement of living standards has increased the market demand for quality travel inChina . Traditional taxi service is limited, and the merging online platforms have created good opportunities for the development of the online ride-hailing service market. Based on the monitoring ofChina E-Commerce Research Center , the number of online ride-hailing service users had reached 333 million by the end of 2018, increased by 16% from 2017. According toBain & Company , the transaction value ofChina's online ride-hailing market in 2017 was larger than the total of the rest of the world. It estimated that by 2021, the total transaction value ofChina's online ride-hailing market will reach$60 billion . The online ride-hailing industry is facing increasing competition inChina and is attracting more capital investment. According to the MOT ofthe People's Republic of China , as ofOctober 31, 2021 , approximately 251 online ride-hailing platforms have obtained booking taxi operating licenses and the total volume of online ride-hailing orders was approximately 692 million inOctober 2021 inChina . Meanwhile, approximately 1.46 million online booking taxi transportation certificates and approximately 3.8 million online booking taxi driver's licenses were issued nationwide inChina . According to the 47th Statistical Report onInternet Development published inFebruary 2021 , by the end ofDecember 2020 , the number of passengers of online ride-hailing inChina was approximately 365 million, took approximately 36.9% of the total number of Chinese internet users. Since 2019, in addition to the traditional online ride-hailing platforms, automobile manufacturers, offline operation service companies, financial and map service providers, among others, have built cooperation relationships with each other to make the online ride-hailing industry a more aggregated industry. The online ride-hailing industry may also be affected by, among other factors, the general economic conditions inChina . The interest rates and unemployment rates may affect the demand of ride-hailing services and automobile purchasers' willingness to seek credit from financial institutions. Adverse economic conditions could also reduce the number of qualified automobile purchasers and online ride-hailing drivers seeking credit from the financial institutions, as well as their ability to make payments. Should any of those negative situations occur, the volume and value of the automobile transactions we service will decline, and our revenue and financial condition will be negatively impacted. In order to manage the rapidly growing ride-hailing service market and control relevant risks, onJuly 27, 2016 , seven ministries and commissions inChina , including the MOT, jointly promulgated the "Interim Measures for theAdministration of Online Taxi Booking Business Operations and Services" ("Interim Measures") and amended onDecember 28, 2019 , which legalizes online ride-hailing services such asDidi and requires the online ride-hailing services to meet the requirements set out by the measures and obtain taxi-booking service licenses and take full responsibility of the ride services to ensure the safety of riders. OnNovember 5, 2016 , theMunicipal Communications Commission of Chengdu City and a number of municipal departments jointly issued the "Implementation Rules for theAdministration of Online Booking Taxi Management Services for Chengdu ", which was abolished and replaced by the updated version issued onJuly 26, 2021 . OnAugust 10, 2017 , theTransportation Commission of 52
Table of Contents
Chengdu further issued the detailed guidance "Working Process for the Online Booking Taxi Drivers Qualification Examination and Issuance" and the "Online Booking Taxi Transportation Certificate Issuance Process." According to these regulations and guidelines, three licenses /certificates are required for operating the online ride-hailing business inChengdu : (1) the ride-hailing service platform such asDidi should obtain the online booking taxi operating license; (2) the automobiles used for online ride-hailing should obtain the online booking taxi transportation certificate ("automobile certificate"); (3) the drivers should obtain the online booking taxi driver's license ("driver's license"). Besides, all the new cars used for online ride-hailing should be NEVs. OnJuly 23, 2018 , theGeneral Office of Changsha Municipal People's Government issued the "Detailed Rules for theAdministration of Online Booking Taxi Management Services for Changsha ." OnJune 12, 2019 , theMunicipal Communications Commission of Changsha City further issued "Transfer and Registration Procedures of Changsha Online Booking of Taxi." According to the regulations and guidelines, to operate a ride-hailing business inChangsha requires similar licenses inChengdu , except those automobiles used for online ride-hailing services are required to meet certain standards, including that the sales price (including taxes) is overRMB120,000 (approximately$17,000 ). In practice, Hunan Ruixi is also required to employ a safety administrator for every 50 automobiles used for online ride-hailing services and submit daily operation information of these automobiles such as traffic violation to theTransport Management Office of the Municipal Communications Commission of Changsha City every month. In addition to the national online reservation taxi operating license, XXTX and its subsidiaries also obtained the online reservation taxi operating license in 12 cities, includingChengdu ,Changsha ,Guangzhou , Tai'an, Hezhou, two cities inJiangsu Province and other seven cities inSichuan Province fromJune 2020 toOctober 2021 , to operate the online ride-hailing platform services. AndDidi , the online ride-hailing platform with whom we cooperate for our automobile transaction and related services, obtained the online reservation taxi operating license inChengdu andChangsha inMarch 2017 andJuly 2018 , respectively. However, approximately 52% of our ride-hailing drivers had not obtained the driver's license as ofSeptember 30, 2021 while all of the cars used for online ride-hailing services which we provided management services to have the automobile certificate. Without requisite automobile certificate or driver's license, these drivers may be suspended from providing ride-hailing services, confiscated their illegal income and subject to fines of up to 10 times of their illegal income. Starting inDecember 2019 ,Didi began to enforce such limitation on drivers inChengdu who have a driver's license but operate automobiles without the automobile certificate. Furthermore, according to the Interim Measures, no enterprise or individual is allowed to provide information for conducting online ride-hailing services to unqualified vehicles and drivers. InDecember 2020 ,Chengdu Transportation Bureau has taken a series of investigations into actions violating the Interim Measures and imposed fines for such violations. Among the 226 cases, two cases involved drivers of our Xixingtianxia online ride-hailing platform who failed to obtain the ride-hailing driver's licenses. As a result, we were finedRMB10,000 . Pursuant to the Interim Measures, XXTX and its subsidiaries may be fined betweenRMB5,000 toRMB30,000 (approximately$776 to$4,654 ) for violations of the Interim Measures, including providing online ride-hailing platform services to unqualified drivers or vehicles. During the three and six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we have been fined by approximately$79,000 and$166,000 by Traffic Management Bureaus inChengdu andChangsha , respectively, of which, approximately$2,000 and$13,000 , respectively, was further compensated by drivers or cooperated third parties. If we are deemed in serious violation of the Interim Measures, our Online Ride-hailing Platform Services may be suspended and the relevant licenses may be revoked by certain government authorities. We are in the process of assisting the drivers to obtain the required certificate and license both for our Automobile Transaction and Related Services and our Online Ride-hailing Platform Services. However, there is no guarantee that all of the drivers affiliated with us would be able to obtain all the certificates and licenses. Further, there is no assurance that each of the drivers who use our platform or the cars used by such drivers in providing ride-hailing services possess the requisite license or certificate. Our business and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected if our affiliated drivers are suspended from providing ride-hailing services or imposed substantial fines or if we are found to be in serious violation of the Interim Measures due to the drivers' failure to obtain requite licenses and/or automobile certificates in connection with providing services through our platform. The Chinese government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and state ownership. For example, the Chinese cybersecurity regulator announced onJuly 2, 2021 that it had begun an investigation ofDidi and two days later ordered that the company's app be removed from smartphone app stores. We believe that our current operations are in compliance with the laws and regulations of the Chinese cybersecurity regulator. However, the Company's operations could be adversely affected, directly or indirectly, by existing or future laws and regulations relating to its business or industry. 53
Table of Contents
Our Discontinued Online P2P Lending Services
We previously also operated an online lending platform through our VIE,Sichuan Senmiao , inChina , which facilitated loan transactions between Chinese investors and individual and SME borrowers. Our revenues from online lending services were primarily generated from fees charged for our services in matching investors with borrowers. We charged borrowers transaction fees for the work we perform through our platform and charged our investors service fees on their actual investment returns. We ceased our online lending services inOctober 2019 to focus on our automobile transaction and related services. In connection with the plan adopted by our Board of Directors to discontinue and wind down our online P2P lending services business onOctober 17, 2019 (the "Plan"), we ceased facilitation of loan transactions on our online lending platform and assumed all the outstanding loans from investors on the platform. The aggregate balance of the loans we assumed was approximately$5.6 million . As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , we have used cash generated from our Automobile Transaction and Related Services and payments collected from borrowers in the aggregate of approximately$6.2 million to repay platform investors and we expect to repay all of them byDecember 31, 2021 , an extended due date agreed by the investors. However, if we could not generate enough cash flow to pay investors on time in accordance with the Plan, we may incur additional commitment liabilities in our financial statements during the following periods before we fully fulfill our Plan. SinceDecember 31, 2019 , we have treated the online lending business as discontinued operations and recognized receivables from borrowers and payables to investors of approximately$4.0 million in our financial statements accordingly. Based on recent repayments collected from borrowers, we also recognized bad debt expenses of approximately$3.8 million for those receivables and$0.3 million for accounts receivable and prepayment for intangible assets related to our online lending services. However, the amount and timing of the actual allowance for bad debt may change based on evidence of collectability of the subject loans during the execution of the Plan. As part of the Plan, we transferred certain employees who used to work on our online lending business, primarily the information technology staffs, to provide a new website design and development service for customers.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended
the Three Months Ended
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 Change (unaudited) (unaudited) Revenues$ 2,855,909 $ 1,390,396 $ 1,465,513 Cost of revenues (2,868,309) (994,515) (1,873,794) Gross profit (loss) (12,400) 395,881 (408,281) Operating expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses (2,981,720) (2,749,209) (232,511) Provision for (Recovery of) doubtful accounts (57,187) 47,540 (104,727) Impairments of long-lived assets (5,886)
(80,223) 74,337 Total operating expenses (3,044,793) (2,781,892) (262,901) Loss from operations (3,057,193) (2,386,011) (671,182) Other income, net 38,705 135,457 (96,752) Interest expense (12,952) (14,892) 1,940
Interest expense on finance leases (108,208) (211,053) 102,845 Change in fair value of derivative liabilities 3,017,734 (129,961) 3,147,695 Loss before income taxes (121,914) (2,606,460) 2,484,546 Income tax expenses (11)
(705) 694 Net loss$ (121,925) $ (2,607,165) $ 2,485,240 54 Table of Contents Revenues We started generating revenue from Automobile Transaction and Related Services from our acquisition of Hunan Ruixi onNovember 22, 2018 and revenue from Online Ride-hailing Platform Services from our acquisition of XXTX onOctober 23, 2020 , respectively. Revenue for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 increased by$1,465,513 , or approximately 105%, as compared with three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 . The increase was mainly due to the increase of operating lease revenues from automobile rentals and revenues from online ride-hailing platform services. In an effort to mitigate the negative impact on our daily cash flow resulting from the rendering of automobiles from drivers who exited the ride-hailing business due to the COVID-19 pandemic inChina and develop the new business, we shifted our business focus to automobile rentals from facilitation of automobile transaction and financing since the fiscal year 2021. The online ride-hailing market has gradually recovered sinceApril 2020 as COVID-19 is generally under control inChina and the sporadic local resurgences of COVID-19 did not have material impact on the market. As a result, the number of additional automobiles rendered to us by the ride-hailing drivers exiting the business decreased during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in the prior year. We had revenue of$2,008,462 from automobile rental and$557,947 from online ride-hailing platform services during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , which offset the negative impact of the decrease in our revenue in automobile sales and facilitation of automobile transaction and financing. As we plan to focus more on our automobile rental and Online Ride-hailing Platform Services business, we expect our revenue from automobile rental income to continue to account for a majority of our revenues and revenue from our Online Ride-hailing Platform Services to keep stable over the next twelve months. We plan to take advantage of the expansion of our online ride-hailing platform to increase the utilization of our automobiles for operating leases, which would bring the increasing demand for short-term automobile rentals.
The following table sets forth the breakdown of revenues by revenue source for
the three months ended
For the Three Months EndedSeptember 30, 2021 2020 (unaudited) (unaudited)
Revenue from automobile transactions and related services
$ 1,390,396 - Operating lease revenues from automobile rentals 2,008,462
787,955
- Financing revenues 30,308
62,404
- Service fees from automobile management and guarantee services 57,625
161,043
- Service fees from automobile purchase services 795
75,038
- Revenues from sales of automobiles -
83,787
- Facilitation fees from automobile transactions - 16 - Other service fees 200,772
220,153
Revenue from online ride-hailing platform services 557,947
- Total Revenue$ 2,855,909 $ 1,390,396
Revenue from automobile transactions and related services
Revenue from our automobile transaction and related services mainly includes operating lease revenues from automobile rentals, service fees from automobile management and guarantee services, financing revenues (representing interest income from financial leasing) and other services fees, which accounted for approximately 87.4%, 2.5%, 1.3% and 8.8%, respectively, of the total revenue from automobile transaction and related services during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Meanwhile, operating lease revenues from automobile rentals, service fees from automobile management and guarantee services, sales revenue of automobiles, service fees from automobile purchase services, financing revenues (representing interest income from financial leasing) and other services fees, which accounted for approximately 56.7%, 11.6%, 6.0%, 5.4%, 4.5% and 15.8%, respectively, of the total revenue from automobile transaction and related services during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 . 55
Table of Contents
Operating lease revenues from automobile rentals
We generate revenues from leasing our own automobiles or sub-leasing automobiles rendered by online ride-hailing drivers with their authorization for a lease term of no more than twelve months. The increase of rental income was due to the increased number of leased automobiles. We leased over 2,030 automobiles with an average monthly rental income of$476 per automobile, resulting in a rental income of$2,008,462 , for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . While we leased over 440 automobiles with an average monthly rental income of$495 per automobile and generated rental revenue of$787,955 during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 .
Financing revenues
We started our financial leasing business inMarch 2019 and began to generate interest income from providing financial leasing services to ride-hailing drivers inApril 2019 . We also charge the customers of our automobile financing facilitation services interest on their monthly payments which cover purchase price of automobile and our services fees and facilitation fees for terms of 36 or 48 months. We recognized a total interest income of$30,308 from an average monthly number of 74 automobiles and$62,404 from an average monthly number of 96 automobiles during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease was further aggravated by the decrease in the monthly amortization of interest income for automobiles leased in prior periods
Service fees from automobile management and guarantee services
The majority of our customers are online ride-hailing drivers. They also entered into affiliation service agreements with us pursuant to which we provide them post-transaction management services and guarantee services. The decrease of$103,418 was due to the decrease in the accumulated number of rendered automobiles which were subsequently rented to ride-hailing drivers whom we charge rent rather than charging management and guarantee services fee. We had management and guarantee services for over 1,350 and 2,500 automobiles during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Service fees from automobile purchase services
We generate revenues from providing a series of automobile purchase services throughout the automobile purchase transaction process. The amount of these fees is based on the sales price of the automobiles and relevant services provided. Service fees from automobile purchase services decreased by$74,243 as compared with the same period in 2020, mainly due to the decrease in the number of facilitated new automobile purchases. We had revenue from only one new financial leasing automobile transaction during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 while we serviced 12 new automobile purchases and 13 new automobiles under financial leasing during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 .
Sales of automobiles and facilitation fees from automobile transactions
As we have shifted our business focus to automobile leasing, we had no automobile sold during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Meanwhile, we sold an aggregate of 12 automobiles of$83,787 to the customers of Jinkailong and Hunan Ruixi during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 . Facilitation fees from automobile transaction were minimal in our revenue constitution.
Other service fees
We generate other revenues such as commissions from insurance companies, service fees from drivers who rent our new energy electric vehicles and other miscellaneous service fees charged to our customers, which accounted for approximately 39.9%, 19.3% and 40.8% of revenues from other service fees during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , respectively. The commissions from insurance companies and other miscellaneous service fees charged to the automobile purchasers, which accounted for approximately 91.3%, and 8.7% of revenues from other service fees during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , respectively. Other service fees decreased by$19,381 due to decrease of approximately$112,796 in commissions from insurance companies, partially offset by the new service fees with amount of$38,780 charged to online ride-hailing drivers who rent our new energy electric vehicles and the increase of approximately$54,635 in other miscellaneous service fees. 56
Table of Contents
Revenue from online ride-hailing platform services
We generate revenue from providing services to online ride-hailing drivers to assist them in providing transportation service to the riders though our platform and earn commissions for each completed order equal to the difference between an upfront quoted fare and the amount earned by a driver based on actual time and distance for the ride charged to the rider sinceOctober 2020 . During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , approximately 4 million rides with gross fare of approximately$12.9 million were completed through our Xixingtianxia platform and we earned online ride-hailing platform service fees of$557,947 , netting off approximately$0.4 million incentives paid to Active Drivers. Cost of Revenues Cost of revenues represents the amortization, daily maintenance and insurance expense of automobiles leased to online ride-hailing drivers of$2,659,564 , technical service charges, insurance and other expenses of online ride-hailing platform services of$208,745 . Cost of revenues increased by$1,873,794 , or approximately 188%, during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020, mainly due to the increase of$1,742,913 in costs of automobiles under operating leases and$208,745 in direct expense and technical service fees of Online Ride-hailing Platform Services, respectively, as a result of the expansion of those two businesses, partially offset by the decrease in costs of automobile sold of$77,864 as the number of automobiles sold decreased from 12 to 0. Gross Profit (loss)
Gross profit decreased by$408,281 or approximately 103%, during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 mainly due to the decreased number of automobile sales and facilitated new automobile purchases. Gross profit generated from sales of automobiles decreased by$5,923 and other revenues with no cost of revenues decreased by$229,154 due to the significant decrease in the number of automobiles sold and facilitated new automobile purchases during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. Meanwhile, the gross loss from automobile rentals operating lease increased by$522,406 during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. The majority of those leased automobiles were rendered to us with overdue monthly installment payments to financial institutions. Therefore, the total amount of the amortization and daily maintenance expense of these automobiles were higher than the monthly rent generated and resulted in losses. We have focused on our operating leases as a means of mitigating the impact of the return of automobiles by a substantial number ofDidi drivers who exited the ride-hailing business as a result of COVID-19 and the intense competition in the online ride-hailing market inChengdu andChangsha since 2020. And we had gross profit of$349,202 from our online ride-hailing platform services during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , which partially offset the negative impact of the decrease in our gross profit.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of salary and employee benefits, office rental expense, travel expenses, and other costs. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased from$2,749,209 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 to$2,981,720 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , representing an increase of$232,511 , or approximately 8.5%. The increase was attributable to more employees hired for business expansion for our new online ride-hailing platform services and the daily operations of our automobile transaction and related services business and the management of the increasing number of automobiles for sublease. The increase mainly consists of an increase of$719,235 in salary and employee benefits as the number of our employee increased from 200 to 352, an increase of$266,530 in offices rental and charges, which was partially offset by a decrease of$386,539 in professional service fees such as financial, legal and market consulting, a decrease of$323,708 in amortization of intangible assets and automobiles which were rendered to us but have not been sub-leased as we leased more automobiles and a decrease of$43,007 in other miscellaneous expenses, during three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in last year.
Bad Debt Expense
As a result of the fierce competition in the online ride-hailing markets inChengdu andChangsha , and the negative impact of COVID-19, the number of online ride-hailing drivers we serviced who rendered their automobiles to us for sublease or sale increased by approximately 4 and the numbers of drivers who missed their monthly installment payments increased by approximately 22 during 57 Table of Contents
the three months
collection of unsettled balances from those drivers and provided bad debt
expense of
30, 2021
Impairments of Long-lived Assets
For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we evaluated the future cash flow of our right-of-use assets and our own vehicles used for operating leases during their remaining useful life and recognized an additional impairment loss of$5,886 for those assets that could not generate sufficient cash. While for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we recognized an additional impairment loss of$80,223 for certain right-of-use assets that could not generate sufficient cash.
Other Income, net
For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we had other income, net of$38,705 primarily consist of penalty income of$108,000 from some leasees, partially offset by fines of$77,000 for our served online ride-hailing drivers who failed to obtain the ride-hailing driver's licenses approximately. We had other income, net of$135,457 , primarily a result of the receipt of a government subsidy of$143,000 fromSichuan Economic and Information Department for our initial public offering in 2018 in the same period in 2020.
Interest Expense and Interest Expense on Finance Leases
Interest expense for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was$12,952 , resulting from the borrowings of Jinkailong from a financial institution for its working capital requirements. The decrease of$1,940 , or approximately 13%, was due to the decrease in outstanding principal of the loans obtained before 2019 and lower interest rate for the remaining principal. Interest expense on finance leases for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was$108,208 , representing the interest expense accrued under financing leases for the un-leased automobiles rendered to us for sublease or sale by the online ride-hailing drivers who exited the ride-hailing business. Interest expense on finance leases decreased by$102,845 , or approximately 49%, as compared with the same period in 2020, mainly due to the weighted average number of rendered automobiles during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 decreased approximately 13% than that in the same period in last year, as well as the decrease in the number of automobiles which were rendered to us but have not been sub-leased as we leased more automobiles during the current period.
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities
Warrants issued in our registered direct offerings that took place inJune 2019 ,February 2021 andMay 2021 , and theAugust 2020 underwritten public offering were classified as liabilities under the caption "Derivative Liabilities" in the consolidated balance sheet and recorded at estimated fair value at each reporting date, computed using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The change in fair value of derivative liabilities the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was a gain of$3,017,734 in total, which consists of a gain of$72,024 for the warrants issued in ourJune 2019 registered direct offering, a gain of$139,459 for the warrants issued in ourAugust 2020 underwritten public offering, and a gain of$225,353 for the warrants issued in ourFebruary 2021 registered direct offering, and a gain of$2,580,898 for the warrants issued in ourMay 2021 registered direct offering. The change in fair value of derivative liabilities for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2020 a loss of$79,237 for the warrants issued in ourJune 2019 registered direct offering and a loss of$50,724 for the warrants issued in ourAugust 2020 underwritten public offering, resulted in a loss of$129,961 in total.
Income Tax Expense
Generally, our subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs inChina are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income inChina at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity's global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards. Income tax expense of$11 and$705 for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, mainly represented the provision of enterprise income tax resulting from the taxable income of$44 and$2,820 , respectively, from Xichuang and Hunan Ruixi. Net Loss
As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the three months ended
2021
58
Table of Contents
Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended
the Six Months Ended
For the Six Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 Change (unaudited) (unaudited) Revenues$ 4,705,984 $ 2,537,312 $ 2,168,672 Cost of revenues (6,647,655) (1,794,771) (4,852,884) Gross profit (loss) (1,941,671) 742,541 (2,684,212) Operating expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses (6,664,997) (4,709,634) (1,955,363) Provision for doubtful accounts (102,740) (81,072) (21,668) Impairments of long-lived assets and goodwill (170,143) (80,223) (89,920) Total operating expenses (6,937,880) (4,870,929) (2,066,951) Loss from operations (8,879,551) (4,128,388) (4,751,163) Other income (expense), net (17,954) 129,381 (147,335) Interest expense (27,648) (35,540) 7,892 Interest expense on finance leases (215,847) (437,230) 221,383 Change in fair value of derivative liabilities 1,648,450 (412,941) 2,061,391 Loss before income taxes (7,492,550) (4,884,718) (2,607,832) Income tax expenses (11) (6,977) 6,966 Net loss$ (7,492,561) $ (4,891,695) $ (2,600,866) Revenues Revenue for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 increased by$2,168,672 , or approximately 85%, as compared with six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 . The increase was mainly due to the increase of operating lease revenues from automobile rentals and revenues from online ride-hailing platform services.
The following table sets forth the breakdown of revenues by revenue source for
the six months ended
For the Six Months EndedSeptember 30, 2021 2020 (unaudited) (unaudited)
Revenue from automobile transactions and related services
$ 2,537,312 - Operating lease revenues from automobile rentals 3,492,989
1,196,433
- Financing revenues 75,994
104,434
- Service fees from automobile management and guarantee services 101,172
273,601
- Service fees from automobile purchase services 975
160,577
- Revenues from sales of automobiles -
423,632
- Facilitation fees from automobile transactions -
1,616
- Other service fees 434,556
377,019
Revenue from online ride-hailing platform services 600,298
- Total Revenue$ 4,705,984 $ 2,537,312
Revenue from automobile transactions and related services
Revenue from our automobile transaction and related services mainly includes operating lease revenues from automobile rentals, service fees from automobile management and guarantee services, financing revenues and other services fees, which accounted for approximately 85.1%, 2.5%, 1.9% and 10.5%, respectively, of the total revenue from automobile transaction and related services during 59
Table of Contents
the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Meanwhile, operating lease revenues from automobile rentals, service fees from automobile management and guarantee services, sales revenue of automobiles, service fees from automobile purchase services, financing revenues and other services fees, which accounted for approximately 47.2%, 10.8%, 16.7%, 6.3%, 4.1% and 14.9%, respectively, of the total revenue from automobile transaction and related services during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 .
Operating lease revenues from automobile rentals
We generate revenues from leasing our own automobiles or sub-leasing automobiles rendered by online ride-hailing drivers with their authorization for a lease term of no more than twelve months. The increase of rental income was due to the increased number of leased automobiles. We leased over 2,080 automobiles with an average monthly rental income of$449 per automobile, resulting in a rental income of$3,492,989 , for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . While we leased over 500 automobiles with an average monthly rental income of$495 per automobile, resulting in a rental income of$1,196,433 , for the six months
endedSeptember 30, 2020 . Financing revenues We recognized a total interest income of$75,994 from an average monthly number of 84 automobiles during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 and$104,434 from an average monthly number of 79 automobiles and 2020, respectively. The decrease was further aggravated by the decrease in the monthly amortization of interest income for automobiles leased in prior periods.
Service fees from automobile management and guarantee services
The decrease of$172,429 was due to the decrease in the accumulated number of rendered automobiles which were subsequently rented to ride-hailing drivers whom we charge rent rather than charging management and guarantee services fee. We had management and guarantee services for over 1,350 and 2,500 automobiles during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Service fees from automobile purchase services
Service fees from automobile purchase services decreased by$159,602 during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , as compared with the same period in 2020, mainly due to the decrease in the number of facilitated new automobile purchases. We had revenue from only two new automobile transactions during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 while we serviced 79 new automobile purchases under financing lease with service fees ranging from$135 to$3,450 per automobile during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 .
Sales of automobiles and facilitation fees from automobile transactions
As we have shifted our business focus to automobile leasing, we had no automobile sold during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Meanwhile, we sold an aggregate of 35 automobiles of$423,632 during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 . Facilitation fees from automobile transaction were minimal in our revenue constitution. Other service fees We generate other revenues such as commissions from insurance companies, service fees from drivers who rent our new energy electric vehicles and other miscellaneous service fees charged to our customers, which accounted for approximately 40.9%, 23.5% and 35.5% of revenues from other service fees during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , respectively. The commissions from insurance companies and other miscellaneous service fees charged to the automobile purchasers, which accounted for approximately 90.6%, and 9.4% of revenues from other service fees during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , respectively. Other service fees increased by$57,537 due to the new service fees with amount of$102,224 charged to online ride-hailing drivers who rent our new energy electric vehicles and increase of approximately$133,644 in other miscellaneous service fees. partially offset by decrease of approximately$178,331 in commissions from insurance companies.
Revenue from online ride-hailing platform services
We generate revenue from providing services to online ride-hailing drivers to assist them in providing transportation service to the riders though our platform and earn commissions for each completed order equal to the difference between an upfront quoted fare and 60
Table of Contents
the amount earned by a driver based on actual time and distance for the ride charged to the rider sinceOctober 2020 . During the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , approximately 12.4 million rides with gross fare of approximately$38.0 million were completed through our Xixingtianxia platform and we earned online ride-hailing platform service fees of$600,298 , netting off approximately$3.1 million incentives paid to Active Drivers.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues represents the amortization, daily maintenance and insurance expense of automobiles leased to online ride-hailing drivers of$4,533,283 , technical service charges, insurance and other expenses of online ride-hailing platform services of$2,114,372 . Cost of revenues increased by$4,852,884 , or approximately 270%, during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020, mainly due to the increase of$3,148,667 in costs of automobiles under operating leases and$2,114,372 in direct expense and technical service fees of Online Ride-hailing Platform Services, respectively, as a result of the expansion of those two businesses, partially offset by the decrease in costs of automobile sold of$410,155 as the number of automobiles sold decreased from 35 to 0. Gross Profit (loss)
Gross profit decreased by$2,684,212 , or approximately 361%, during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020 mainly due to the decreased number of automobile sales and facilitated new automobile purchases. Gross profit generated from sales of automobiles decreased by$13,477 and other revenues with no cost of revenues decreased by$304,550 due to the significant decrease in the number of automobiles sold and facilitated new automobile purchases during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. Meanwhile, the gross loss from automobile rentals operating lease increased by$852,111 during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in 2020. The majority of those leased automobiles were rendered to us with overdue monthly installment payments to financial institutions. Therefore, the total amount of the amortization and daily maintenance expense of these automobiles were higher than the monthly rent generated and resulted in losses. And we had gross loss of$1,514,074 from our Online Ride-hailing Platform Services due to we paid excess driver incentives to attractive drivers to our platform in the six months endedSeptember 30 2021 , especially from April toJune 2021 .
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of salary and employee benefits, office rental expense, travel expenses, and other costs. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased from$4,709,634 for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 to$6,664,997 for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , representing an increase of$1,955,363 , or approximately 41.5%. The increase was attributable to more employees hired for business expansion for our new online ride-hailing platform services and the daily operations of our automobile transaction and related services business and the management of the increasing number of automobiles for sublease. The increase mainly consists of an increase of$1,459,610 in salary and employee benefits as the number of our employee increased from 195 to 334, an increase of$739,927 in advertising and promotion for the new online ride-hailing platform services, an increase of$596,844 in offices rental and charges, which was partially offset by a decrease of$203,189 in professional service fees such as financial, legal and market consulting, a decrease of$593,408 in amortization of intangible assets and automobiles which were rendered to us but have not been sub-leased as we leased more automobiles and a slight decrease of$44,421 in other miscellaneous expenses during six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 as compared with the same period in last year.
Bad Debt Expense
As a result of the fierce competition in the online ride-hailing markets inChengdu andChangsha , and the negative impact of COVID-19, the number of online ride-hailing drivers we serviced who rendered their automobiles to us for sublease or sale increased by approximately 16 and the numbers of drivers who missed their monthly installment payments increased by approximately 36 during the six monthsSeptember 30, 2021 . We re-evaluated the possibility of collection of unsettled balances from those drivers and provided bad debt expense of$102,740 for those receivables during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 .
Impairments of Long-lived Assets and
For the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we evaluated the future cash flow of our right-of-use assets and our own vehicles used for operating leases during their remaining useful life and recognized an additional impairment loss of$32,527 for those assets that 61
Table of Contents
could not generate sufficient cash. Meanwhile, we performed impairment test on goodwill and fully recognized impairment of$137,616 against goodwill. We recognized the impairment loss due to regulatory changes in the online ride hailing industry, and forecast an insufficient future cashflow to support the valuation of our goodwill. For the six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , we recognized an additional impairment loss of$80,223 for certain right-of-use assets that could not generate sufficient cash.
Other Income (Expense), net
For the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we had other expense, net of$17,954 , primarily consist of fines of$153,000 for our served online ride-hailing drivers who failed to obtain the ride-hailing driver's licenses approximately and other miscellaneous non-recurring expense, partially offset by penalty income of$138,000 from some leases. We had other income, net of$129,381 , primarily a result of the receipt of a government subsidy of$143,000 fromSichuan Economic and Information Department for our initial public offering in 2018 in the same period in 2020.
Interest Expense and Interest Expense on Finance Leases
Interest expense for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was$27,648 , resulting from the borrowings of Jinkailong from a financial institution for its working capital requirements. The decrease of$7,892 , or approximately 22%, was due to the decrease in outstanding principal of the loans obtained before 2019 and lower interest rate for the remaining principal. Interest expense on finance leases for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was$215,847 , representing the interest expense accrued under financing leases for the leased automobiles rendered to us for sublease or sale by the online ride-hailing drivers who exited the ride-hailing business. Interest expense on finance leases decreased by$221,383 , or approximately 51%, as compared with the same period in 2020, mainly due to the weighted average number of rendered automobiles during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 decreased approximately 7% than that in the same period in last year, as well as the decrease in the number of automobiles which were rendered to us but have not been sub-leased as we leased more automobiles during the current period.
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities
Warrants issued in our registered direct offerings that took place inJune 2019 ,February 2021 andMay 2021 , and theAugust 2020 underwritten public offering were classified as liabilities under the caption "Derivative Liabilities" in the consolidated balance sheet and recorded at estimated fair value at each reporting date, computed using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The change in fair value of derivative liabilities the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was a gain of$1,648,450 in total, which consists of a gain of$136,080 for the warrants issued in ourJune 2019 registered direct offering, a gain of$251,253 for the warrants issued in ourAugust 2020 underwritten public offering, a gain of$411,555 for the warrants issued in ourFebruary 2021 registered direct offering, and a gain of$849,562 for the warrants issued in ourMay 2021 registered direct offering. The change in fair value of derivative liabilities for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 a loss of$362,217 for the warrants issued in ourJune 2019 registered direct offering and a loss of$50,724 for the warrants issued in ourAugust 2020 underwritten public offering, resulted in a loss of$412,941 in total.
Income Tax Expense
Generally, our subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs inChina are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income inChina at a rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity's global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards. All subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs inChina incurred cumulative losses and no tax expense was recorded for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Income tax expense of$11 and$6,977 for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, mainly represented the provision of enterprise income tax resulting from the taxable income of$44 and$27,908 , respectively.
Net Loss
As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was$7,492,561 , representing an increase of$2,600,866 from net loss of$4,891,695 for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 . 62
Table of Contents
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have financed our operations primarily through proceeds from our equity
offerings, stockholder loans, commercial debt and cash flow from operations.
We had cash and cash equivalents of$1,766,104 as ofSeptember 30, 2021 as compared to$4,448,075 as ofMarch 31, 2021 for our continuing operations. We primarily hold our excess unrestricted cash in short-term interest-bearing bank accounts at financial institutions. OnMay 13, 2021 , we closed a registered direct offering of$5,531,916 shares of our common stock at$1.175 per share, pursuant to a securities purchase agreement with certain accredited investors. As a result, the Company raised approximately$5.8 million , net of placement agent fees and offering expenses, to support our working capital requirements. Our business is capital intensive and we have spent expenditure on developing our new business of Online Ride-hailing Platform Services and expanding automobile operating leasing during the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . We have considered whether there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern due to (1) recurring losses from operations, including net loss of approximately$7.5 million for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , (2) accumulated deficit of approximately$39.9 million as ofSeptember 30, 2021 ; (3) the working capital deficit of approximately$10.9 million as ofSeptember 30, 2021 ; (4) net operating cash outflows of approximately$4.6 million and$1.4 million from continuing operations and discontinued operations, respectively, for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 and (5) the purchase commitment of approximately$3.2 million . As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , we have entered into two purchase contracts with two automobile dealers to purchase a total of 300 automobiles for the amount of approximately$4.9 million . As the issuance date of these financial statements, 100 automobiles of approximately$1.7 million have been purchased in cash and delivered to us and the remaining purchase commitment of approximately$3.2 million is expected to be completed beforeMarch 2022 . We do not believe that the proceeds from our public offerings and our anticipated cash flows would be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital requirements and capital expenditures in the ordinary course of business for the next 12 months from the date of this Report. We have determined there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to generate significant revenue, we may be required to cease or curtail our operations. We are trying to alleviate the going concern risk through the following sources:
? continuing to seek equity financing to support our working capital;
? other available sources of financing (including debt) from PRC banks and other
financial institutions; and
? financial support and credit guarantee commitments from our related parties.
However, there is no assurance that we will be successful in implementing the foregoing plans or that additional financial will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. There are a number of factors that could potentially arise that could undermine our plans, such as (i) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and areas of operations inChina , (ii) changes in the demand for our services, (iii) PRC government policies, (iv) economic conditions inChina and worldwide, (v) competitive pricing in the automobile transaction and related service and ride-hailing industries, (vi) changes in our relationships with key business partners, (vii) that financial institutions inChina may not able to provide continued financial support to our customers, and (viii) the perception 63
Table of Contents
of PRC-based companies in theU.S. capital markets. Our inability to secure needed financing when required could require material changes to our business plans and could have a material adverse effect on our viability and results
of operations. For the Six Months EndedSeptember 30, 2021 2020 (unaudited) (unaudited)
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities$ (6,004,863) $ (1,295,974) Net Cash Used in Investing Activities (2,140,995)
(19,643)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities 5,439,491
4,789,349
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents 24,396
76,259
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period 4,448,075
844,028
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period 1,766,104
4,394,019
Less: Cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations - - Cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations, end of period$ 1,766,104 $ 4,394,019
Cash Flow in Operating Activities
For the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , net cash used in operating activities was$6,004,863 , which consists of$4,622,624 from continuing operations and$1,382,239 from discontinued operations. While for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , net cash used in operating activities was$1,295,974 , which consists of$164,410 from continuing operations and$1,131,564 from discontinued operations. The total net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations primarily comprised of the payment of salary and employee benefits of$2,556,138 , other operating costs of$3,365,279 , and maintenance fees, insurance and other costs for automobiles and related transactions of$4,710,117 , partially offset by revenue received of$5,631,088 and the net collection of$377,710 on automobiles used for financial lease to be collected within the lease terms. The increase of$4,458,214 in net cash used in operating activities from continueing operations for the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to (1) increase of net loss of$2,523,087 ; (2)$2,061,391 decrease in the change of fair value of derivative liabilities as our stock price is running below our stock warrant's exercise price; (3)$989,034 decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities, offset by (4) decrease of$1,106,144 in account receivable and finance lease receivable due to we collect our revenue in a better turnover rate.
The increase of
discontinued operation for the six months ended
attributable to more payment was remitted to investors of P2P platform.
Cash Flow in Investing Activities
For the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we had net cash used in investing activities of$2,140,995 , which consisted of$2,139,602 from continuing operations and$1,393 from discontinued operations. The majority net cash used in investing was for the purchase of automobiles for operating lease purpose. For the six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , we had net cash used in investing activities of$19,643 , which consisted of$19,572 from continuing operations and$71 from discontinued operations. The total net cash used in investing was for the purchase of office equipment.
Cash Flow in Financing Activities
For the six months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , we had net cash provided by financing activities of$5,439,491 , which primarily consisted of: (1) total net proceeds of approximately$5.8 million from our registered public offering inMay 2021 , and$22,015 from exercised warrants from investors, respectively; (2) borrowings from a financial institution of$578,567 ; (3) borrowings froma related party of$800,000 , partially offset by (4) principal payments made for finance lease liabilities of$1,241,041 , (5) repayments to related parties of$172,528 ; and (6) repayments of current borrowings from financial institutions of$318,575 . 64 Table of Contents For the six months endedSeptember 30, 2020 , we had net cash provided by financing activities of$4,789,349 , which primarily consisted of: (1) net proceeds of$6,098,297 from our underwritten public offering inAugust 2020 ; (2) proceeds from the exercise of warrants of$75,000 ; (3) borrowings from an insurance company of$488,932 , partially offset by (4) repayments and loans to stockholders, related parties and affiliates of$300,896 , (5) repayments of current borrowings from financial institutions of$150,999 ; and (5) principal payments made for finance lease liabilities of$1,449,554 .
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As the date of the Report, we had the following off-balance sheet arrangements that are likely to have a future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations and liquidity:
? Purchase Commitments
OnFebruary 22 andJuly 9, 2021 , we entered into two purchase contracts with two automobile dealers to purchase a total of 300 automobiles for the amount of approximately$4.9 million . Pursuant to the contract singed onJuly 9, 2021 , we are required to purchase 100 automobiles in cash with the amount of approximately$1.5 million . Pursuant to the contract signed onFebruary 22, 2021 , we are required to purchase 100 automobiles in cash with the amount of approximately$1.7 million . The remaining 100 automobiles purchase commitment with the amount of approximately$1.7 million shall be completed with financing option through the dealer's designated financial institutions. As of the date of this Report, 100 automobiles of the contract signed in Febuary 2021 have been purchased in cash and delivered to us. As we are in process of getting approval from the dealer's designated financial institutions in financing the 100 automobiles' purchase, there is no clear timing schedule for completing the remaining purchase commitment with this automobile dealer. However, we expect the purchase to be completed byMarch 2022 .
? Contingent Liabilities
Contingent liabilities for automobile purchasers
We are exposed to credit risk as we are required by certain financial institutions to provide guarantee on the lease/loan payments (including principal and interests) of the automobile purchasers referred by us. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , the maximum contingent liabilities the we would be exposed to was approximately$10.8 million (including approximately$23,000 related to our discontinued P2P business), assuming all the automobile purchasers were in default, which may cause an increase in guarantee expense and cash outflow in financing activities. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , approximately$5,428,000 , including interests of$326,000 , due to financial institutions, of all the automobile purchases we serviced were past due.
Contingent liability of Jinkailong
OnMay 25, 2018 ,Chengdu Industrial Impawn Co., Ltd ("Impawn") signed a pledge and pawn contract (the "Master Contact") with Langyue, pursuant to which, Impawn shall provide loans to Langyue up toRMB20 million (approximately$2.9 million ). In connection with the Master Contract, Jinkailong entered into a guaranty with Impawn and agreed to provide guarantee on all the payments (including principal, interests, compensations and other expenses) of Langyue jointly and severally with seven other guarantors, one of which is a shareholder of Jinkailong. Langyue usedRMB7,019,652 (approximately$1,003,000 ) of the loans from Impawn and re-loaned it to automobile purchasers referred by Jinkailong fromJune 2018 toSeptember 2018 , which were also guaranteed by Jinkailong. Langyue did not timely pay Impawn the monthly installment forJune 2020 . InJuly 2020 , Impawn sent the Collection Letter and Notice to Langyue to demand payment of the interest and penalty ofRMB100,300 (approximately$14,330 ). OnSeptember 18, 2020 , Impawn initiated a legal action in front of the Court for an order to collect and enforce the repayment of the total outstanding principals, interest and penalty for an aggregate ofRMB9,992,728 (approximately$1,428,000 ) and other expenses by freezing all bank accounts of the Langyue and all related guarantors. OnOctober 14, 2020 , the cash in the bank of Jinkailong, with total amount ofRMB175,335 (approximately$25,050 ) were frozen by the Court and became restricted cash accordingly. OnDecember 24, 2020 , Jinkailong, a shareholder of Jinkailong and Impawn signed a settlement agreement ("Settlement Agreement"). Impawn agreed to release the pledge of Jinkailong's 75 automobiles, provided that Jinkailong and such shareholder repay an aggregate ofRMB4,026,594 (approximately$625,000 ) in monthly installments over 35 months. In addition, upon the initial payment ofRMB600,000 (approximately$93,000 ) by Jinkailong and such shareholder, Impawn will request the court to release the frozen bank 65
Table of Contents
accounts of Jinkailong. The Settlement Agreement further provides that it does not release the guarantee obligations of Jinkailong and in the event Langyue's loan is not fully repaid at the end of the 35 months, Impawn reserves the right to pursue further actions against Jinkailong and such shareholder for the outstanding balance of the loan. As ofSeptember 30, 2021 , the original maximum contingent liabilities related to the loans from Langyue to automobile purchasers which Jinkailong would be exposed to was approximatelyRMB962,000 (approximately$149,000 ), which has been included in the amount of contingent liabilities of automobile purchasers as mentioned above. Jinkailong will collect monthly installment payments from online ride-hailing drivers who lease those 75 automobiles to repay for the remaining balance of Impawns and recognize guarantee expenses if any. However, as Jinkailong has undertaken the joint and several liability guarantee for all of Langyue's loans from Impawn, Jinkailong may be required to pay all the outstanding balance of$1,192,000 to Impawn
in the future. Inflation
We do not believe our business and operations have been materially affected by
inflation.
Critical Accounting Policies We prepare our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance withU.S GAAP. These accounting principles require us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions on the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the end of each fiscal period, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during each fiscal period. We continually evaluate these judgments and estimates based on our past experience, knowledge and assessments of current business and other conditions, our expectations regarding the future based on available information and assumptions.
Other than disclosed below, there have been no material changes during the
six months ended
previously disclosed in our Annual Report for the fiscal year ended
2021
The selection of critical accounting policies, the judgments and other uncertainties affecting the application of those policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors that should be considered when reviewing our financial statements. We believe the following accounting policies involve the most significant assumptions and estimates used in the preparation of our unaudited consolidated financial statements.
(a)Use of estimates
In presenting the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance withU.S. GAAP, management make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and related disclosures. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgement and available information. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates and assumptions using the currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may cause us to revise our estimates. we base our estimates on past experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Estimates are used when accounting for items and matters including, but not limited to, revenue recognition, residual values, lease classification and liabilities, finance lease receivables, inventory obsolescence, right-of-use assets, determinations of the useful lives and valuation of long-lived assets, estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts and prepayments, estimates of impairment of intangible assets and goodwill, valuation of deferred tax assets, estimated fair value used in business acquisitions, valuation of derivative liabilities, allocation of fair value of derivative liabilities, issuance of common stock and warrants exercised and other provisions and contingencies.
(b)Fair values of financial instruments
Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 825, Financial Instruments ("Topic 825") requires disclosure of fair value information of financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheets, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial assets and liabilities from its disclosure requirements. 66
Table of Contents
Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts do not represent the underlying
value of us. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:
Level 1Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for
identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
Level 3Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to
the fair value.
(c)Property and equipment Property and equipment primarily consists of computer equipment, which is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation less any provision required for impairment in value. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method with no residual value based on the estimated useful life.
(d)Derivative liabilities
A contract is designated as an asset or a liability and is carried at fair value on a company's balance sheet, with any changes in fair value recorded in a company's results of operations. We then determine which options, warrants and embedded features require liability accounting and records the fair value as a derivative liability. The changes in the values of these instruments are shown in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as "change in fair value of derivative liabilities".
(e)Revenue recognition
We recognize our revenue under ASC 606. ASC 606 establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity's contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied. It also requires us to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.
To achieve that core principle, we apply the five steps defined under ASC 606:
(i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance
obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price,
(iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the
contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a
performance obligation.
We account for a contract with a customer when the contract is committed in writing, the rights of the parties, including payment terms, are identified, the contract has commercial substance and consideration to collect is substantially probable. We have assessed the impact of the guidance by reviewing our existing customer contracts and current accounting policies and practices to identify differences that will result from applying the new requirements, including the evaluation of its performance obligations, transaction price, customer payments, transfer of control and principal versus agent considerations. Based on the assessment, we concluded that there was no change to the timing and pattern of revenue recognition for its current revenue streams in scope of ASC 606 and therefore there was no material changes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements upon adoption of ASC 606.
Automobile Transaction and Related Services
Sales of automobiles - We generate revenue from sales of automobiles to the customers of Jinkailong, Hunan Ruixi and Mashang Chuxing. The control over the automobile is transferred to the purchaser along with the delivery of automobiles. The amount of the revenue is based on the sale price agreed by Hunan Ruixi or Yicheng and the counterparties, including Jinkailong, who act on behalf of their customers. We recognize revenues when an automobile is delivered and control is transferred to the purchaser. Accounts receivable 67
Table of Contents
related to the revenue are being collected over 36 to 48 months. The interest
component is included in the non-current portion of the accounts receivable.
Operating lease revenues from automobile rentals - We generate revenue from sub-leasing automobiles from some online ride-hailing drivers or leasing our own automobiles. We recognize revenue wherein an automobile is transferred to the leasee and the leasee has the ability to control the asset, is accounted for under ASC Topic 842. Rental transactions are satisfied over the rental period. Rental periods are short term in nature, generally are twelve months or less. Service fees from management and guarantee services - Over 95% of our customers are online ride-hailing drivers. The drivers sign affiliation agreements with us, pursuant to which we provide them with management and guarantee services during the affiliation period. Service fees for management and guarantee services are paid by such automobile purchasers on a monthly basis for the management and guarantee services provided during the affiliation period. We recognize revenue over the affiliation period when performance obligations are completed. Financing revenues - Interest income from the lease arising from our sales-type leases and bundled lease arrangements is recognized in financing revenues over the lease term based on the effective rate of interest in the lease. Service fees from automobile purchase services - Services fees from automobile purchase services are paid by automobile purchasers for a series of the services provided to them throughout the purchase process such as credit assessment, preparation of financing application materials, assistance with closing of financing transactions, license and plate registration, payment of taxes and fees, purchase of insurance, installment of GPS devices, ride-hailing driver qualification and other administrative procedures. The amount of these fees is based on the sales price of the automobiles and relevant services provided. We recognize revenue when all the services are completed and an automobile is delivered to the purchaser at a point in time. Accounts receivable related to the revenue are being collected over 36 to 48 months. The interest component is included in the non-current portion of the accounts receivable. Facilitation fees from automobile transactions - Facilitation fees from automobile purchase transactions are paid by our customers including third-party sales teams or the automobile purchasers for the facilitation of the sales and financing of automobiles. We attract automobile purchasers through third-party sales teams or its own sales department. For the sales facilitated between third-party sales teams and automobile purchasers, we charge the fees to the third-party sales teams, which derived from the commission paid by the automobile purchasers to the third-party sales teams. Relating to sales facilitated between automobile purchasers and dealers, we charge the fees to the automobile purchasers. We recognize revenue from facilitation fees when the titles are transferred to the purchasers at a point in time. The amount of fees is based on the type of automobile and negotiation with each sales team or automobile purchaser. The fees charged to third-party sales teams or automobile purchasers are paid before the automobile purchase transactions are consummated. These fees are non-refundable upon the delivery of automobiles.
Online ride-hailing platform service revenue
We generate revenue from providing services to online ride-hailing drivers ("Drivers") to assist them in providing transportation services to riders ("Riders") looking for taxi/ride-hailing services. We earn commissions for each completed order in an amount equal to the difference between an upfront quoted fare and the amount earned by a Driver based on actual time and distance for the ride charged to the Rider. As a result, we bear a single performance obligation in the transaction of connecting Drivers with Riders to facilitate the completion of a successful transportation service for Riders. We recognize revenue upon completion of a ride as the single performance obligation is satisfied and we have the right to receive payment for the services rendered upon the completion of the ride. We evaluate the presentation of revenue on a gross or net basis based on whether we control the service provided to the Rider and are the principal (i.e. "gross"), or we arrange for other parties to provide the service to the Rider and are an agent (i.e. "net"). Since we are not primarily responsible for ride-hailing services provided to Riders, nor do we have inventory risk related to the services, we recognize revenue at net basis.
Leases
We account for leases in accordance with ASC 842. The two primary accounting provisions we use to classify transactions as sales-type or operating leases are: (i) a review of the lease term to determine if it is for the major part of the economic life of the underlying equipment (defined as greater than 75%); and (ii) a review of the present value of the lease payments to determine if they are equal to or greater than substantially all of the fair market value of the equipment at the inception of the lease (defined as greater than 90%). 68
Table of Contents
Automobile included in arrangements meeting these conditions are accounted for as sales-type leases. For sales-type leases, we recognize sales equal to the present value of the minimum lease payments discounted using the implicit interest rate in the lease and cost of sales equal to carrying amount of the asset being leased and any initial direct costs incurred, less the present value of the unguaranteed residual. Interest income from the lease is recognized in financing revenues over the lease term. Automobile included in arrangements that do not meet these conditions are accounted for as operating leases and revenue is recognized over the term of the lease.
We exclude from the measurement of our lease revenues any tax assessed by a
governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with a specific
revenue-producing transaction and collected from a customer.
We consider the economic life of most of automobile to be three to four years, since this represents the most frequent contractual lease term for its automobile and the automobile will be used forDidi driving services. We believe three to four years is representative of the period during which the automobile is expected to be economically usable, with normal service, for the purpose for which it is intended. A portion of our direct sales of automobile to end customers are made through bundled lease arrangements which typically include automobile, services (automobile purchase services, facilitation fees, and management and guarantee services) and financing components where the customer pays a single negotiated fixed minimum monthly payment for all elements over the contractual lease term. Revenues under these bundled lease arrangements are allocated considering the relative standalone selling prices of the lease and non-lease deliverables included in the bundled arrangement and the financing components. Lease deliverables include the automobile and financing, while the non-lease deliverables generally consist of the services and repayment of advanced fees made on behalf of its customers. We consider the fixed payments for purposes of allocation to the lease elements of the contract. The fixed minimum monthly payments are multiplied by the number of months in the contract term to arrive at the total fixed lease payments that the customer is obligated to make over the lease term. Amounts allocated to the automobile and financing elements are then subjected to the accounting estimates under ASC 842 to ensure the values reflect standalone selling prices. The remainder of any fixed payments are allocated to non-lease elements (automobile purchase services, facilitation fees, and management and guarantee services), for which these revenues are recognized in a manner consistent with the guidance for service fees from automobile purchase services, facilitation fees from automobile transactions, and service fees from management and guarantee services as discussed above. Our lease pricing interest rates, which are used in determining customer payments in a bundled lease arrangement, are developed based upon the local prevailing rates in the marketplace where its customer will be able to obtain an automobile loan under similar terms from the bank. We reassess our pricing interest rates quarterly based on changes in the local prevailing rates in the marketplace. As ofJune 30, 2021 , our pricing interest rate is 6.0% per annum.
(f)Share-based awards
Share-based awards granted to the our employees are measured at fair value on grant date and share-based compensation expense is recognized (i) immediately at the grant date if no vesting conditions are required, or (ii) using the accelerated attribution method, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period. The fair value of restricted shares is determined with reference to the fair value of the underlying shares. At each date of measurement, we review internal and external sources of information to assist in the estimation of various attributes to determine the fair value of the share-based awards granted by us, including but not limited to the fair value of the underlying shares, expected life, expected volatility and expected forfeiture rates. We are required to consider many factors and make certain assumptions during this assessment. If any of the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the share-based awards changes significantly, share-based compensation expense may differ materially in the future from that recorded in the current reporting period.
(h)Leases
We account for leases in accordance with ASC 842. Beginning in the year endedMarch 31, 2020 , we entered into certain agreements as a lessor under which we leased automobiles to short-term (usually under twelve months) car service drivers. We also enter into certain agreements as a lessee to lease automobiles and to conduct our automobiles rental operations. If any of the following criteria are met, we classify the lease as a finance lease (as a lessee) or as a direct financing or sales-type lease (both as a lessor): ? The lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term; 69 Table of Contents
? The lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the
Company is reasonably certain to exercise;
The lease term is for 75% or more of the remaining economic life of the
? underlying asset, unless the commencement date falls within the last 25% of the
economic life of the underlying asset;
? The present value of the sum of the lease payments equals or exceeds 90% of the
fair value of the underlying asset; or
? The underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to
have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term.
Leases that do not meet any of the above criteria are accounted for as operating
leases.
We combine lease and non-lease components in its contracts under Topic 842, when
permissible.
Finance and operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Since the implicit rate for our leases is not readily determinable, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis, an amount equal to the lease payments, in a similar economic environment and over a similar term. Lease terms used to calculate the present value of lease payments generally do not include any options to extend, renew, or terminate the lease, as we do not have reasonable certainty at lease inception that these options will be exercised. We generally consider the economic life of its operating lease ROU assets to be comparable to the useful life of similar owned assets. We have elected the short-term lease exception, therefore operating lease ROU assets and liabilities do not include leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Its leases generally do not provide a residual guarantee. The operating lease ROU asset also excludes lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We review the impairment of our ROU assets consistent with the approach applied for our other long-lived assets. We review the recoverability of its long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. We have elected to include the carrying amount of operating lease liabilities in any tested asset group and include the associated operating lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows.
© Edgar Online, source